Legal Rights Questioned

Legal Rights

Marginal note:Life, liberty and security of person

7. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice.

Marginal note:Search or seizure

8. Everyone has the right to be secure against unreasonable search or seizure.

Marginal note:Detention or imprisonment

9. Everyone has the right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned.

Marginal note:Arrest or detention

10. Everyone has the right on arrest or detention

• (a) to be informed promptly of the reasons therefor;

• (b) to retain and instruct counsel without delay and to be informed of that right; and

• (c) to have the validity of the detention determined by way of habeas corpus and to be released if the detention is not lawful.

Marginal note:Proceedings in criminal and penal matters

11. Any person charged with an offence has the right

• (a) to be informed without unreasonable delay of the specific offence;

• (b) to be tried within a reasonable time;

• (c) not to be compelled to be a witness in proceedings against that person in respect of the offence;

• (d) to be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law in a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal;

• (e) not to be denied reasonable bail without just cause;

• (f) except in the case of an offence under military law tried before a military tribunal, to the benefit of trial by jury where the maximum punishment for the offence is imprisonment for five years or a more severe punishment;

• (g) not to be found guilty on account of any act or omission unless, at the time of the act or omission, it constituted an offence under Canadian or international law or was criminal according to the general principles of law recognized by the community of nations;

• (h) if finally acquitted of the offence, not to be tried for it again and, if finally found guilty and punished for the offence, not to be tried or punished for it again; and

• (i) if found guilty of the offence and if the punishment for the offence has been varied between the time of commission and the time of sentencing, to the benefit of the lesser punishment.

Marginal note:Treatment or punishment

12. Everyone has the right not to be subjected to any cruel and unusual treatment or punishment.

Marginal note:Self-crimination

13. A witness who testifies in any proceedings has the right not to have any incriminating evidence so given used to incriminate that witness in any other proceedings, except in a prosecution for perjury or for the giving of contradictory evidence.

Marginal note:Interpreter

14. A party or witness in any proceedings who does not understand or speak the language in which the proceedings are conducted or who is deaf has the right to the assistance of an interpreter.

Equality Rights

Marginal note:Equality before and under law and equal protection and benefit of law

• 15. (1) Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.

• Marginal note:Affirmative action programs

  (2) Subsection (1) does not preclude any law, program or activity that has as its object the amelioration of conditions of disadvantaged individuals or groups including those that are disadvantaged because of race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability. (84)