Berladnyky; Genesis
One of the most discussed issues in national history is the origin and genesis of the Ukrainian Cossacks. Scholars express different opinions on this subject, creating new scientific concepts. The most common among them are the etymological, ethnic, and autochthonous theories of the origin and development of the Cossacks in Ukraine. But the most reasonable one is the last one, which proves that the Ukrainian Cossacks did not appear as a result of the migration of other peoples to the territory of Ukraine, but were formed by the local population.
According to one of the main supporters of the autochthonous concept, M. Hrushevsky, the Ukrainian Cossacks went through two main stages in their development. The first was internal, appearing during the time of Kievan Rus as a manifestation of the Rusichi against the wild tribes. This stage in the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks was represented by free and strong-willed people who lived outside the territory of Kievan Rus in the 12th and early 13th centuries, down the Danube River. They were called Brondniki and Berladniki. According to Ukrainian historians, after the conquest of these lands by the Mongol-Tatars, the entire territory was given a new name by the conquerors: Cossacks.
The second stage of the Cossacks' formation – the “classical” stage, as a new class of Ukrainian society – was associated with the formation of a wild frontier region with brave and desperate defenders of Ukraine's southern borders from the destructive raids of the Crimean Tatars. This new state consisted of different people: princes, nobles, boyars, and peasants, who were united by a sincere love for their land, respect for personal freedom, fearlessness, and courage in the face of enemies. It was they who created their military-political organization near the Dnieper rapids and named it the Zaporizhzhya Sich, which became the beginning of the future Ukrainian Cossack state – the Hetmanate.
One of the most discussed problems of the national history is the problem of the origin and genesis of Ukrainian kozactvo. The scientists express different opinions concerning this topic, creating new scientific concepts. The most widely-spread among them are etymological, ethnic and autochthonous theories about the origin and development of kozaks in Ukraine. But the most reasonable among them is the last, which proves that the Ukrainian kozactvo appeared not due to the migration of other nations to the territory of Ukraine, but that it was formed by the local population.According to one of the main supporters of the autochthonous concept, M. Hrushevsky, in its development Ukrainian kozactvo has passed two major steps. The first - domestic that appeared in times of Kievska Rus' as a manifestation of rusich people against wild tribes. This stage in the history of Ukrainian kozaks was represented by free and strong-willed people who lived outside the territory of Kievska Rus’ in the twelfth - early thirteenth centuries, down the Danube river. They were called brodnyky and berladnyky. According to Ukrainian historians, after the conquest of these lands by Mongol-Tatars, the whole territory received a new name, given by the conquerors - kozactvo.The second stage of the genesis of the kozaks "classic", as the new state of the Ukrainian society, related to the formation of the wild field territory with brave and desperate guards of the southern borders of Ukraine from devastating raids of Crimean tatars. This new state consisted of different people: princes, nobles, boyars, peasants who were united by the true love to their land, by appreciation of personal freedom, recklessness and courage against the enemies. They were the ones who set up their military-political organization by the Dnieper rapids and called it Zaporizâka Sich, which became the beginning of a future Ukrainian kozaks state - Hetmanshina.
https://discovery.researcher.life/article/------/fc56fa65f4b7399793496c36476e7310